Information and recommendations for further processing

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Alexandrite Amethyst Aquamarine Beryl Chrysoberyl Citrine Diamond Garnet Grossular

Iolite Mali Garnet Mandarin Garnet Moonstone Morganite Paraiba Tourmaline

Peridot Rhodolite Royal Purple Garnet Rubellit Emerald Spinel Tanzanite

Topaz Tsavorite Tourmaline

Alexandrite


Product information
Stone type	Alexandrite
Common types of finishing	Usually none
Birthstone of the month	June
Gemstone group	Chrysoberyl
Designation of the best colour in trade	/
Mohs hardness	8,5
Origin	Brazil, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Russia, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, India
Processing recommendations*
Ultrasound sensitivity	Usually none
Reaction to steam	Usually none
Reaction to heat	Usually none
Chemical Reaction	Usually none

Amethyst


Stone type	Amethyst
Common types of finishing	Heating
Birthstone of the month	February
Gemstone group	Quartz
Designation of the best colour in trade	Dark purple/purple
Mohs hardness	7
Origin	Brazil, South Africa, Russia, USA, India, Australia, Mexico, Zambia, Madagascar, Namibia
Processing recommendations*
Ultasound sensitivity	Usually none
Reaction to steam	Risky
Reaction to heat	Color change may occur with heat
Chemical reaction	Hydrofluoric acid, ammonium fluoride

Aquamarine


Stone type	Aquamarine
Common types of finishing	Heating
Birthstone of the month	March
Gemstone group	Beryl
Designation of the best colour in trade	"Santa Maria" or AAA
Mohs hardness	7,5 - 8
Origin	Brazil, South Africa, USA, Tanzania, Madagascar, Pakistan, Russia, Afghanistan, Australia, India
Processing recommendations*
Ultrasound sensitivity	Usually none
Reaction to steam	Usually none
Reaction to heat	Usually none
Chemical reaction	Hydrofluoric acid

Beryl


Stone type	Beryl
Common types of finishing	Heating
Birthstone of the month	None
Gemstone group	Beryl
Designation of the best color in trade	Dark colour
Mohs hardness	7,5 - 8
Origin	Colombia, Brazil, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Nigeria, South Africa, India, Russia, Australia, USA
Processing recommendations*
Ultrasound sensitivity	Usually none
Reaction to steam	Usually none
Reaction to heat	Usually none
Chemical reaction	Hydrofluoric acid

Chrysoberyl


Stone type	Chrysoberyl
Common types of finishing	Heating
Birthstone of the month	June
Gemstone group	Chrysoberyl
Designation of the best colour in trade	Neon yellow
Mohs hardness	7,5 - 8
Origin	Brazil, India, Madagascar, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Simbabwe, USA, Russia
Processing recommendations*
Ultrasound sensitivity	Usually none
Reaction to steam	Usually none
Reaction to heat	Usually none
Chemical reaction	Usually none

Citrine


Stone type	Citrine
Common types of finishing	Heating
Birthstone of the month	November
Gemstone Group	Quartz
Designation of the best colour in trade	Golden yellow or orange
Mohs hardness	7
Origin	Brazil, USA, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Madagascar, India, Australia, Russia
Processing recommendations*
Ultrasound sensitivity	Usually none
Reaction to steam	Risky
Reaction to heat	Color change may occur with heat
Chemical reaction	Hydrofluoric acid, ammonium fluoride

Diamond


Stone type	Diamond
Common types of finishing	Usually none
Birthstone of the month	April
Gemstone group	Diamond
Designation of the best colour in trade	River plus (D)
Mohs hardness	10
Origin	Botswana, Russia, South Africa, Namibia, Australia, Namibia, Brazil, Canada, India
Processing recommendations*
Ultrasound sensitivty	Usually none
Reaction to steam	Usually none
Reaction to heat	Usually none
Chemical reaction	Usually none

Garnet, Mandarin Garnet, Mali Garnet, Royal Purple Garnet


Stone type	Garnet
Common types of finishing	Usually none
Birthstone of the month	January
Gemstone group	Garnet
Designation of the best colour in trade	/
Mohs hardness	7 - 7,5
Origin	South Africa, Madagascar, Kenia, USA, Mexico, India, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Brazil, Thailand
Processing recommendations*
Ultrasound sensitivity	Usually none
Reaction to steam	Risky
Reaction to heat	Usually none
Chemical reaction	Hydrofluoric acid

Grossular


Stone type	Grossular
Common types of finishing	Usually none
Birthstone of the month	None
Gemstone group	Garnet
Designation of the best colour in trade	Intesiv mint
Mohs hardness	7 - 7,5
Origin	Tanzania, Mali, Kenia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Mexico
Processing recommendations*
Ultrasound sensitivity	Usually none
Reaction to steam	Risky
Reaction to heat	Usually none
Chemical reaction	Hydroflouric acid

Iolite


Stone type	Iolite
Common types of finishing	Usually none
Birthstone of the month	None
Gemstone group	Iolite
Designation of the best colour in trade	Medium dark greyish/violet colour
Mohs hardness	7 - 7,5
Origin	Myanmar, Madagascar, Namibia, India, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Canada, USA
Processing recommendations*
Ultrasound sensitivity	Risky
Reaction to steam	Risky
Reaction to heat	Fusible
Chemical reaction	Attacked by acids

Moonstone


Stone type	Moonstone
Common types of finishing	Usually none
Birthstone of the month	June
Gemstone group	Feldspar
Designation of the best colour in trade	Adularescence
Mohs hardness	6 - 6,5
Origin	Australia, Brazil, India, Madagascar, Mexico, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, USA
Processing recommendations*
Ultrasound sensitivity	Never use
Reaction to steam	Never use
Reaction to heat	Poor
Chemical reaction	Hydrofluoric acid

Morganite


Stone type	Morganite
Common types of finishing	Neutrons, gamma or electrodes irradiated and heated if necessary
Birthstone of the month	None
Gemstone group	Beryl
Designation of the best colour in trade	Light/medium pink
Mohs hardness	7,5 - 8
Origin	Brazil, Colombia, South Africa, Madagascar, USA
Processing recommendations*
Ultrasound sensitivity	Risky
Reaction to steam	Risky
Reaction to heat	Poor - should never be heated
Chemical reaction	Hydrofluoric acid and solvents

Paraiba Tourmalin


Stone type	Paraiba Tourmaline
Common types of finishing	Heating
Birthstone of the month	None
Gemstone group	Tourmaline
Designation of the best colour in trade	Neonblue
Mohs hardness	7 - 7,5
Origin	Brazil, Nigeria, Mozambique
Processing recommendations*
Ultrasound sensitivity	Risky
Reaction to steam	Usually none
Reaction to heat	May cause color change and fracturing
Chemical reaction	Usually none

Peridot


Stone type	Peridot
Common types of finishing	Usually none
Birthstone of the month	August
Gemstone group	Peridot
Designation of the best colour in trade	mid-dark yellow/green
Mohs hardness	6,5 - 7
Origin	Myanmar, Pakistan, China, Egypt, Kenya, Sri Lanka, USA
Processing recommendations*
Ultrasound sensitivity	Risky
Reaction to steam	Never use
Reaction to heat	Heat treatment can cause cracks
Chemical reaction	Sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, pickling solution

Rhodolite


Stone type	Rhodolite
Common types of finishing	Usually none
Birthstone of the month	None
Gemstone group	Garnet
Designation of the best colour in trade	Purple
Mohs hardness	6,5 - 7,5
Origin	Tanzania, USA, Kenia, India, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Madagascar
Processing recommendations*
Ultrasound sensitivity	Usually none
Reaction to steam	Risky
Reaction to heat	Usually none
Chemical reaction	Hydrofluoric acid

Rubellite


Stone type	Rubellite
Common types of finishing	Heating treatment
Birthstone of the month	None
Gemstone group	Turmaline
Designation of the best colour in trade	Rasperry red to ruby
Mohs hardness	7 - 7,5
Origin	Nigeria, Mozambique, Brazil, Madagascar, Kenia, Tanzania, USA, Afghanistan
Processing recommendations*
Ultrasound sensitivity	Risky
Reaction to steam	Risky
Reaction to heat	Can cause color change
Chemical reaction	Usually none

Emerald


Stone type	Emerald
Common types of finishing	Filling cracks with oil, wax or other substances (except glass or plastic) to improve the appearance
Birthstone of the month	None
Gemstone group	Beryl
Designation of the best colour in trade	Mid-dark green
Mohs hardness	7,5 - 8
Origin	Afghanistan, Brazil, Columbia, India, Pakistan, Russia, Samira, Simbabwe
Processing recommendations*
Ultrasound sensitivity	Risky
Reaction to steam	Never use
Reaction to heat	No heating recommended
Chemical reaction	Hydrofluoric acid

Spinel


Stone type	Spinel
Common types of finishing	usually none
Birthstone of the month	None
Gemstone group	Spinel
Designation of the best colour in trade	pink/red-red or cobaltblue
Mohs hardness	8
Origin	Madagascar, Tanzania, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Australia, Brazil, Nepal, Nigeria, Tajikistan, Thailand, USA
Processing recommendations*
Ultrasound sensitivity	Usually none
Reaction to steam	Usually none
Reaction to heat	Usually none
Chemical reaction	Usually none

Tanzanite


Stone type	Tanzanite
Common types of finishing	Heat
Birthstone of the month	December
Gemstone group	Zoisit
Designation of the best colour in trade	AAA oder darkblue without lila
Mohs hardness	6 - 7
Origin	Tanzania
Processing recommendations*
Ultrasound sensitivity	Never use
Reaction to steam	Never use
Reaction to heat	Rapid changes in temperature can cause cracks
Chemical reaction	Hydrofluoric& Hydrochloric acid

Topaz


Stone type	Topaz
Common types of finishing	Neutron, gamma or electrode irradiation and possibly heating
Birthstone of the month	None
Gemstone group	Topaz
Designation of the best colour in trade	Imperial Topaz (orange/red)
Mohs hardness	8
Origin	Brazil, Myanmar, Afghanistan, Australia, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Nigeria, Russia, Sri Lanka
Processing recommendations*
Ultrasound sensitivity	Never use
Reaction to steam	Never use
Reaction to heat	May cause color change
Chemical reaction	Usually none

Tsavorite


Stone type	Tsavorite
Common types of finishing	Usually none
Birthstone of the month	None
Gemstone group	Garnet
Designation of the best colour in trade	Green without yellow
Mohs hardness	8,5
Origin	Kenia, Tanzania
Processing recommendations*
Ultrasound sensitivity	Usually none
Reaction to steam	Risky
Reaction to heat	Changes in temperature can cause cracks
Chemical reaction	Hydrofluoric acid

Tourmaline


Stone type	Tourmaline
Common types of finishing	Heating
Birthstone of the month	October
Gemstone group	Tourmaline
Designation of the best colour in trade	----------
Mohs hardness	7 - 7,5
Origin	Sri Lanka, Tanzania, USA, Afghanistan, Brazil, Madagascar, Namibia, Kenia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Zambia, Myanmar, Pakistan, India
Processing recommendations*
Ultrasound sensitivity	Risky
Reaction to steam	Risky
Reaction to heat	Can cause color change
Chemical reaction	Usually none

* The recommendation is non-binding advice. The customer is responsible for the correct processing of the products. The content of the recommendation was written with great care. Nevertheless, no guarantee can be given for the correctness of the recommendations in individual cases.

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